/*! * Dialogs Manager v4.9.3 * https://github.com/kobizz/dialogs-manager * * Copyright Kobi Zaltzberg * Released under the MIT license * https://github.com/kobizz/dialogs-manager/blob/master/LICENSE.txt */ (function($, global) { 'use strict'; /* * Dialog Manager */ var DialogsManager = { widgetsTypes: {}, createWidgetType: function(typeName, properties, Parent) { if (!Parent) { Parent = this.Widget; } var WidgetType = function() { Parent.apply(this, arguments); }; var prototype = WidgetType.prototype = new Parent(typeName); prototype.types = prototype.types.concat([typeName]); $.extend(prototype, properties); prototype.constructor = WidgetType; WidgetType.extend = function(typeName, properties) { return DialogsManager.createWidgetType(typeName, properties, WidgetType); }; return WidgetType; }, addWidgetType: function(typeName, properties, Parent) { if (properties && properties.prototype instanceof this.Widget) { return this.widgetsTypes[typeName] = properties; } return this.widgetsTypes[typeName] = this.createWidgetType(typeName, properties, Parent); }, getWidgetType: function(widgetType) { return this.widgetsTypes[widgetType]; } }; /* * Dialog Manager instances constructor */ DialogsManager.Instance = function() { var self = this, elements = {}, settings = {}; var initElements = function() { elements.body = $('body'); }; var initSettings = function(options) { var defaultSettings = { classPrefix: 'dialog', effects: { show: 'fadeIn', hide: 'fadeOut' } }; $.extend(settings, defaultSettings, options); }; this.createWidget = function(widgetType, properties) { var WidgetTypeConstructor = DialogsManager.getWidgetType(widgetType), widget = new WidgetTypeConstructor(widgetType); properties = properties || {}; widget.init(self, properties); return widget; }; this.getSettings = function(property) { if (property) { return settings[property]; } return Object.create(settings); }; this.init = function(settings) { initSettings(settings); initElements(); return self; }; self.init(); }; /* * Widget types constructor */ DialogsManager.Widget = function(widgetName) { var self = this, settings = {}, events = {}, elements = {}, hideTimeOut = 0, baseClosureMethods = ['refreshPosition']; var bindEvents = function() { var windows = [elements.window]; if (elements.iframe) { windows.push(jQuery(elements.iframe[0].contentWindow)); } windows.forEach(function(window) { if (settings.hide.onEscKeyPress) { window.on('keyup', onWindowKeyUp); } if (settings.hide.onOutsideClick) { window[0].addEventListener('click', hideOnOutsideClick, true); } if (settings.hide.onOutsideContextMenu) { window[0].addEventListener('contextmenu', hideOnOutsideClick, true); } if (settings.position.autoRefresh) { window.on('resize', self.refreshPosition); } }); if (settings.hide.onClick || settings.hide.onBackgroundClick) { elements.widget.on('click', hideOnClick); } }; var callEffect = function(intent, params) { var effect = settings.effects[intent], $widget = elements.widget; if ('function' === typeof effect) { effect.apply($widget, params); } else { if ($widget[effect]) { $widget[effect].apply($widget, params); } else { throw 'Reference Error: The effect ' + effect + ' not found'; } } }; var ensureClosureMethods = function() { var closureMethodsNames = baseClosureMethods.concat(self.getClosureMethods()); $.each(closureMethodsNames, function() { var methodName = this, oldMethod = self[methodName]; self[methodName] = function() { oldMethod.apply(self, arguments); }; }); }; var fixIframePosition = function(position) { if (! position.my) { return; } var horizontalOffsetRegex = /left|right/, extraOffsetRegex = /([+-]\d+)?$/, iframeOffset = elements.iframe.offset(), iframeWindow = elements.iframe[0].contentWindow, myParts = position.my.split(' '), fixedParts = []; if (myParts.length === 1) { if (horizontalOffsetRegex.test(myParts[0])) { myParts.push('center'); } else { myParts.unshift('center'); } } myParts.forEach(function(part, index) { var fixedPart = part.replace(extraOffsetRegex, function(partOffset) { partOffset = +partOffset || 0; if (! index) { partOffset += iframeOffset.left - iframeWindow.scrollX; } else { partOffset += iframeOffset.top - iframeWindow.scrollY; } if (partOffset >= 0) { partOffset = '+' + partOffset; } return partOffset; }); fixedParts.push(fixedPart); }); position.my = fixedParts.join(' '); }; var hideOnClick = function(event) { if (isContextMenuClickEvent(event)) { return; } if (settings.hide.onClick) { if ($(event.target).closest(settings.selectors.preventClose).length) { return; } } else if (event.target !== this) { return; } self.hide(); }; var isIgnoredTarget = function(event) { if (! settings.hide.ignore) { return false; } return !! $(event.target).closest(settings.hide.ignore).length; }; var hideOnOutsideClick = function(event) { if (isContextMenuClickEvent(event) || $(event.target).closest(elements.widget).length || isIgnoredTarget(event)) { return; } self.hide(); }; var initElements = function() { self.addElement('widget'); self.addElement('header'); self.addElement('message'); self.addElement('window', window); self.addElement('body', document.body); self.addElement('container', settings.container); if (settings.iframe) { self.addElement('iframe', settings.iframe); } if (settings.closeButton) { if ( settings.closeButtonClass ) { // Backwards compatibility settings.closeButtonOptions.iconClass = settings.closeButtonClass; } const $button = $('', settings.closeButtonOptions.attributes), $buttonIcon = $(settings.closeButtonOptions.iconElement).addClass(settings.closeButtonOptions.iconClass); $button.append($buttonIcon); self.addElement('closeButton', $button); } var id = self.getSettings('id'); if (id) { self.setID(id); } var classes = []; $.each(self.types, function() { classes.push(settings.classes.globalPrefix + '-type-' + this); }); classes.push(self.getSettings('className')); elements.widget .addClass(classes.join(' ')) .attr({ 'aria-modal': true, 'role': 'document', 'tabindex': 0, }); }; var initSettings = function(parent, userSettings) { var parentSettings = $.extend(true, {}, parent.getSettings()); settings = { headerMessage: '', message: '', effects: parentSettings.effects, classes: { globalPrefix: parentSettings.classPrefix, prefix: parentSettings.classPrefix + '-' + widgetName, preventScroll: parentSettings.classPrefix + '-prevent-scroll', }, selectors: { preventClose: '.' + parentSettings.classPrefix + '-prevent-close', }, container: 'body', preventScroll: false, iframe: null, closeButton: false, closeButtonOptions: { iconClass: parentSettings.classPrefix + '-close-button-icon', attributes: { role: 'button', 'tabindex': 0, 'aria-label': 'Close', href: '#', }, iconElement: '', }, position: { element: 'widget', my: 'center', at: 'center', enable: true, autoRefresh: false, }, hide: { auto: false, autoDelay: 5000, onClick: false, onOutsideClick: true, onOutsideContextMenu: false, onBackgroundClick: true, onEscKeyPress: true, ignore: '', }, }; $.extend(true, settings, self.getDefaultSettings(), userSettings); initSettingsEvents(); }; var initSettingsEvents = function() { $.each(settings, function(settingKey) { var eventName = settingKey.match(/^on([A-Z].*)/); if (!eventName) { return; } eventName = eventName[1].charAt(0).toLowerCase() + eventName[1].slice(1); self.on(eventName, this); }); }; var isContextMenuClickEvent = function(event) { // Firefox fires `click` event on every `contextmenu` event. return event.type === 'click' && event.button === 2; }; var normalizeClassName = function(name) { return name.replace(/([a-z])([A-Z])/g, function() { return arguments[1] + '-' + arguments[2].toLowerCase(); }); }; var onWindowKeyUp = function(event) { var ESC_KEY = 27, keyCode = event.which; if (ESC_KEY === keyCode) { self.hide(); } }; var unbindEvents = function() { var windows = [elements.window]; if (elements.iframe) { windows.push(jQuery(elements.iframe[0].contentWindow)); } windows.forEach(function(window) { if (settings.hide.onEscKeyPress) { window.off('keyup', onWindowKeyUp); } if (settings.hide.onOutsideClick) { window[0].removeEventListener('click', hideOnOutsideClick, true); } if (settings.hide.onOutsideContextMenu) { window[0].removeEventListener('contextmenu', hideOnOutsideClick, true); } if (settings.position.autoRefresh) { window.off('resize', self.refreshPosition); } }); if (settings.hide.onClick || settings.hide.onBackgroundClick) { elements.widget.off('click', hideOnClick); } }; this.addElement = function(name, element, classes) { var $newElement = elements[name] = $(element || '
'), normalizedName = normalizeClassName(name); classes = classes ? classes + ' ' : ''; classes += settings.classes.globalPrefix + '-' + normalizedName; classes += ' ' + settings.classes.prefix + '-' + normalizedName; $newElement.addClass(classes); return $newElement; }; this.destroy = function() { unbindEvents(); elements.widget.remove(); self.trigger('destroy'); return self; }; this.getElements = function(item) { return item ? elements[item] : elements; }; this.getSettings = function(setting) { var copy = Object.create(settings); if (setting) { return copy[setting]; } return copy; }; this.hide = function() { if (! self.isVisible()) { return; } clearTimeout(hideTimeOut); callEffect('hide', arguments); unbindEvents(); if (settings.preventScroll) { self.getElements('body').removeClass(settings.classes.preventScroll); } self.trigger('hide'); return self; }; this.init = function(parent, properties) { if (!(parent instanceof DialogsManager.Instance)) { throw 'The ' + self.widgetName + ' must to be initialized from an instance of DialogsManager.Instance'; } ensureClosureMethods(); self.trigger('init', properties); initSettings(parent, properties); initElements(); self.buildWidget(); self.attachEvents(); self.trigger('ready'); return self; }; this.isVisible = function() { return elements.widget.is(':visible'); }; this.on = function(eventName, callback) { if ('object' === typeof eventName) { $.each(eventName, function(singleEventName) { self.on(singleEventName, this); }); return self; } var eventNames = eventName.split(' '); eventNames.forEach(function(singleEventName) { if (!events[singleEventName]) { events[singleEventName] = []; } events[singleEventName].push(callback); }); return self; }; this.off = function(eventName, callback) { if (! events[ eventName ]) { return self; } if (! callback) { delete events[eventName]; return self; } var callbackIndex = events[eventName].indexOf(callback); if (-1 !== callbackIndex) { events[eventName].splice(callbackIndex, 1); } return self; }; this.refreshPosition = function() { if (! settings.position.enable) { return; } var position = $.extend({}, settings.position); if (elements[position.of]) { position.of = elements[position.of]; } if (! position.of) { position.of = window; } if (settings.iframe) { fixIframePosition(position); } elements[position.element].position(position); }; this.setID = function(id) { elements.widget.attr('id', id); return self; }; this.setHeaderMessage = function(message) { self.getElements('header').html(message); return self; }; this.setMessage = function(message) { elements.message.html(message); return self; }; this.setSettings = function(key, value) { if (jQuery.isPlainObject(value)) { $.extend(true, settings[key], value); } else { settings[key] = value; } return self; }; this.show = function() { clearTimeout(hideTimeOut); elements.widget.appendTo(elements.container).hide(); callEffect('show', arguments); self.refreshPosition(); if (settings.hide.auto) { hideTimeOut = setTimeout(self.hide, settings.hide.autoDelay); } bindEvents(); if (settings.preventScroll) { self.getElements('body').addClass(settings.classes.preventScroll); } self.trigger('show'); return self; }; this.trigger = function(eventName, params) { var methodName = 'on' + eventName[0].toUpperCase() + eventName.slice(1); if (self[methodName]) { self[methodName](params); } var callbacks = events[eventName]; if (!callbacks) { return; } $.each(callbacks, function(index, callback) { callback.call(self, params); }); return self; }; }; DialogsManager.Widget.prototype.types = []; // Inheritable widget methods DialogsManager.Widget.prototype.buildWidget = function() { var elements = this.getElements(), settings = this.getSettings(); elements.widget.append(elements.header, elements.message); this.setHeaderMessage(settings.headerMessage); this.setMessage(settings.message); if (this.getSettings('closeButton')) { elements.widget.prepend(elements.closeButton); } }; DialogsManager.Widget.prototype.attachEvents = function() { var self = this; if (self.getSettings('closeButton')) { self.getElements('closeButton').on('click', function(event) { event.preventDefault(); self.hide(); }); } }; DialogsManager.Widget.prototype.getDefaultSettings = function() { return {}; }; DialogsManager.Widget.prototype.getClosureMethods = function() { return []; }; DialogsManager.Widget.prototype.onHide = function() { }; DialogsManager.Widget.prototype.onShow = function() { }; DialogsManager.Widget.prototype.onInit = function() { }; DialogsManager.Widget.prototype.onReady = function() { }; DialogsManager.widgetsTypes.simple = DialogsManager.Widget; DialogsManager.addWidgetType('buttons', { activeKeyUp: function(event) { var TAB_KEY = 9; if (event.which === TAB_KEY) { event.preventDefault(); } if (this.hotKeys[event.which]) { this.hotKeys[event.which](this); } }, activeKeyDown: function(event) { if (!this.focusedButton) { return; } var TAB_KEY = 9; if (event.which === TAB_KEY) { event.preventDefault(); var currentButtonIndex = this.focusedButton.index(), nextButtonIndex; if (event.shiftKey) { nextButtonIndex = currentButtonIndex - 1; if (nextButtonIndex < 0) { nextButtonIndex = this.buttons.length - 1; } } else { nextButtonIndex = currentButtonIndex + 1; if (nextButtonIndex >= this.buttons.length) { nextButtonIndex = 0; } } this.focusedButton = this.buttons[nextButtonIndex].trigger('focus'); } }, addButton: function(options) { var self = this, settings = self.getSettings(), buttonSettings = jQuery.extend(settings.button, options); var classes = options.classes ? options.classes + ' ' : ''; classes += settings.classes.globalPrefix + '-button'; var $button = self.addElement(options.name, $('<' + buttonSettings.tag + '>').html(options.text), classes); self.buttons.push($button); var buttonFn = function() { if (settings.hide.onButtonClick) { self.hide(); } if ('function' === typeof options.callback) { options.callback.call(this, self); } }; $button.on('click', buttonFn); if (options.hotKey) { this.hotKeys[options.hotKey] = buttonFn; } this.getElements('buttonsWrapper').append($button); if (options.focus) { this.focusedButton = $button; } return self; }, bindHotKeys: function() { this.getElements('window').on({ keyup: this.activeKeyUp, keydown: this.activeKeyDown }); }, buildWidget: function() { DialogsManager.Widget.prototype.buildWidget.apply(this, arguments); var $buttonsWrapper = this.addElement('buttonsWrapper'); this.getElements('widget').append($buttonsWrapper); }, getClosureMethods: function() { return [ 'activeKeyUp', 'activeKeyDown' ]; }, getDefaultSettings: function() { return { hide: { onButtonClick: true }, button: { tag: 'button' } }; }, onHide: function() { this.unbindHotKeys(); }, onInit: function() { this.buttons = []; this.hotKeys = {}; this.focusedButton = null; }, onShow: function() { this.bindHotKeys(); if (!this.focusedButton) { this.focusedButton = this.buttons[0]; } if (this.focusedButton) { this.focusedButton.trigger('focus'); } }, unbindHotKeys: function() { this.getElements('window').off({ keyup: this.activeKeyUp, keydown: this.activeKeyDown }); } }); DialogsManager.addWidgetType('lightbox', DialogsManager.getWidgetType('buttons').extend('lightbox', { getDefaultSettings: function() { var settings = DialogsManager.getWidgetType('buttons').prototype.getDefaultSettings.apply(this, arguments); return $.extend(true, settings, { contentWidth: 'auto', contentHeight: 'auto', position: { element: 'widgetContent', of: 'widget', autoRefresh: true } }); }, buildWidget: function() { DialogsManager.getWidgetType('buttons').prototype.buildWidget.apply(this, arguments); var $widgetContent = this.addElement('widgetContent'), elements = this.getElements(); $widgetContent.append(elements.header, elements.message, elements.buttonsWrapper); elements.widget.html($widgetContent); if (elements.closeButton) { $widgetContent.prepend(elements.closeButton); } }, onReady: function() { var elements = this.getElements(), settings = this.getSettings(); if ('auto' !== settings.contentWidth) { elements.message.width(settings.contentWidth); } if ('auto' !== settings.contentHeight) { elements.message.height(settings.contentHeight); } } })); DialogsManager.addWidgetType('confirm', DialogsManager.getWidgetType('lightbox').extend('confirm', { onReady: function() { DialogsManager.getWidgetType('lightbox').prototype.onReady.apply(this, arguments); var strings = this.getSettings('strings'), isDefaultCancel = this.getSettings('defaultOption') === 'cancel'; this.addButton({ name: 'cancel', text: strings.cancel, callback: function(widget) { widget.trigger('cancel'); }, focus: isDefaultCancel }); this.addButton({ name: 'ok', text: strings.confirm, callback: function(widget) { widget.trigger('confirm'); }, focus: !isDefaultCancel }); }, getDefaultSettings: function() { var settings = DialogsManager.getWidgetType('lightbox').prototype.getDefaultSettings.apply(this, arguments); settings.strings = { confirm: 'OK', cancel: 'Cancel' }; settings.defaultOption = 'cancel'; return settings; } })); DialogsManager.addWidgetType('alert', DialogsManager.getWidgetType('lightbox').extend('alert', { onReady: function() { DialogsManager.getWidgetType('lightbox').prototype.onReady.apply(this, arguments); var strings = this.getSettings('strings'); this.addButton({ name: 'ok', text: strings.confirm, callback: function(widget) { widget.trigger('confirm'); } }); }, getDefaultSettings: function() { var settings = DialogsManager.getWidgetType('lightbox').prototype.getDefaultSettings.apply(this, arguments); settings.strings = { confirm: 'OK' }; return settings; } })); // Exporting the DialogsManager variable to global global.DialogsManager = DialogsManager; })( typeof jQuery !== 'undefined' ? jQuery : typeof require === 'function' && require('jquery'), (typeof module !== 'undefined' && typeof module.exports !== 'undefined') ? module.exports : window ); What is the Deadliest & Most Unforgettable Accident in Aviation History?

What is the Deadliest & Most Unforgettable Accident in Aviation History?

There have been many deadly accidents in the history of aviation. This article will examine some of the most unforgettable events, including the crash of ValuJet 592 and the collision of two Boeing 747 passenger jets at the Los Rodeos Airport in Tenerife, Spain. In addition, we’ll discuss the Tenerife airport disaster and the Grand Canyon collision. These disasters have left a lasting mark on the aviation industry.

Japan Airlines Flight 123

A deadly jet crash on a Japanese island made this the deadliest and most memorable aviation accident in history. The plane’s debris rolled down a steep slope into a ravine, knocking over trees and scattering its burning debris across an immense area of ruined forest. Despite being more than eight-thousand feet off the ground, no one had managed to reach the crashed plane. As a result, the survivors died of shock, exposure, and other causes.

Apologize

Although Boeing is largely blamed for the crash, the company’s leadership suffered greatly. The CEO resigned and the maintenance manager committed suicide, vowing to “apologize” for the tragedy. Bookings for the airline plummeted by around 30% nationwide and by even more on the Tokyo-Osaka route, and the company’s public image has not fully recovered.

Tokyo’s Haneda Airport

The accident occurred 12 minutes after the plane took off from Tokyo’s Haneda airport. The captain was piloting the plane, Captain Takahama. It was 12 minutes later when it suffered an explosion in the tail section, leading to over-pressurization and severed hydraulic-control lines. The tail section blew off, and the plane’s captain, Takahama, radioed to his co-pilots, but was unable to restore control. The plane subsequently descended into a Dutch roll, killing everyone on board.

It took the Japanese military about two hours to reach the crash site after the plane hit the mountain. In the meanwhile, the pilot and another pilot were unable to reach the crash site. At 5:37 a Japan Air Self Defense Force helicopter spotted the crash site and reported that the plane’s debris was ten square kilometers in size. It took some time to reach the crash site, which was out of sight of nearby villages.

ValuJet 592

There are several deadly accidents in aviation history. Sadly, most of them are caused by human factors. A sequence of events, a faulty system, or bad luck are all contributing factors. These examples of aviation disasters illustrate the ramifications of human factors. These events changed the way we look at safety practices. But one particular aviation disaster stands out as the deadliest and most unforgettable.

1985 Air India Flight 182 Crash

The 1985 Air India Flight 182 crash remains the deadliest and most infamous aviation incident in history. The plane was headed from Toronto to Sahar International Airport in India when an explosive device exploded in the cargo hold. Hundreds of people died. The investigation revealed that Canadian security protocols had failed to prevent the hijackers from hijacking the aircraft. However, it’s important to note that the hijackers were responsible for the crash.

Pilots of KLM Airlines

What is the deadliest and most memorable aviation disaster? Tenerife Airport Disaster was a horrific accident. In the fog, it was difficult to see the runway. Pilots of KLM Airlines attempted to leapfrog over Pan Am’s plane, but clipped the midsection of the latter’s plane. It was the largest jetliner in the air at the time, the Boeing 747.

Among the deadliest and most memorable aviation disasters of all time, the MH370 plane crash was the worst. At 38,000 feet, the aircraft entered an aerodynamic stall. The plane subsequently crashed into the southern Atlantic Ocean. The flight’s crew and passengers escaped safely using emergency chutes, but most passengers perished. This tragic aviation disaster prompted the FAA to mandate automatic fire extinguishers and smoke detectors in the cargo holds of all commercial aircraft. In addition, the FAA strengthened rules about carrying hazardous cargo on airplanes.

Grand Canyon Collision

The mid-air collision in 1956 is one of the deadliest and most memorable accidents in aviation history. It killed all 128 people on board two commercial airliners that were departing from the Los Angeles International Airport moments apart. Despite the fact that the crashes were completely unplanned, they highlighted the antiquated state of air traffic control and became the focus of major aviation reforms. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) archival flight plans from both aircraft indicate that the aircraft were flying in different directions at the time of the collision.

The crash also exposed the limitations of’see and avoid’ rules, particularly in the age of larger and faster commercial airliners. As a result, congress held hearings to determine the causes of the tragedy. A House commerce subcommittee heard testimony from many experts and blamed small cockpit windows and confusing CAB regulations for the crash. The crash also led to a number of other safety reforms in the aviation industry.

Cockpit Duties

The cause of the collision remains unknown, but two planes left Los Angeles three minutes apart. Their flight plans called for 1,100 feet of separation, but they crossed over the Painted Desert. The pilots were likely preoccupied with other tasks or distracted by other things outside of their cockpit duties. The pilots’ radio check-ins were also scheduled for the same moment. The best clue may lie in the logs kept by the Civil Aeronautics Authority.

The 1956 plane crash at the Grand Canyon was a tragedy that impacted aviation history. It killed 128 people and caused a $250 million investment in modernizing the air traffic control system. This accident also resulted in the creation of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA).

Conclusion:

On March 27, 1977, two commercial aircraft collided head on near the Tenerife airport in the Canary Islands, killing 583 people. Despite the tragedy, the events that lead up to the crash are hard to believe. They involved poor weather conditions, a terrorist act at another airport, and a breakdown in communication between air traffic control and flight crew. In spite of all these factors, the Tenerife Airport Disaster remains the deadliest aviation accident in history.