/*!
 * Dialogs Manager v4.9.3
 * https://github.com/kobizz/dialogs-manager
 *
 * Copyright Kobi Zaltzberg
 * Released under the MIT license
 * https://github.com/kobizz/dialogs-manager/blob/master/LICENSE.txt
 */

(function($, global) {
	'use strict';

	/*
	 * Dialog Manager
	 */
	var DialogsManager = {
		widgetsTypes: {},
		createWidgetType: function(typeName, properties, Parent) {

			if (!Parent) {
				Parent = this.Widget;
			}

			var WidgetType = function() {

				Parent.apply(this, arguments);
			};

			var prototype = WidgetType.prototype = new Parent(typeName);

			prototype.types = prototype.types.concat([typeName]);

			$.extend(prototype, properties);

			prototype.constructor = WidgetType;

			WidgetType.extend = function(typeName, properties) {

				return DialogsManager.createWidgetType(typeName, properties, WidgetType);
			};

			return WidgetType;
		},
		addWidgetType: function(typeName, properties, Parent) {

			if (properties && properties.prototype instanceof this.Widget) {
				return this.widgetsTypes[typeName] = properties;
			}

			return this.widgetsTypes[typeName] = this.createWidgetType(typeName, properties, Parent);
		},
		getWidgetType: function(widgetType) {

			return this.widgetsTypes[widgetType];
		}
	};

	/*
	 * Dialog Manager instances constructor
	 */
	DialogsManager.Instance = function() {

		var self = this,
			elements = {},
			settings = {};

		var initElements = function() {

			elements.body = $('body');
		};

		var initSettings = function(options) {

			var defaultSettings = {
				classPrefix: 'dialog',
				effects: {
					show: 'fadeIn',
					hide: 'fadeOut'
				}
			};

			$.extend(settings, defaultSettings, options);
		};

		this.createWidget = function(widgetType, properties) {

			var WidgetTypeConstructor = DialogsManager.getWidgetType(widgetType),
				widget = new WidgetTypeConstructor(widgetType);

			properties = properties || {};

			widget.init(self, properties);

			return widget;
		};

		this.getSettings = function(property) {

			if (property) {
				return settings[property];
			}

			return Object.create(settings);
		};

		this.init = function(settings) {

			initSettings(settings);

			initElements();

			return self;
		};

		self.init();
	};

	/*
	 * Widget types constructor
	 */
	DialogsManager.Widget = function(widgetName) {

		var self = this,
			settings = {},
			events = {},
			elements = {},
			hideTimeOut = 0,
			baseClosureMethods = ['refreshPosition'];

		var bindEvents = function() {

			var windows = [elements.window];

			if (elements.iframe) {
				windows.push(jQuery(elements.iframe[0].contentWindow));
			}

			windows.forEach(function(window) {
				if (settings.hide.onEscKeyPress) {
					window.on('keyup', onWindowKeyUp);
				}

				if (settings.hide.onOutsideClick) {
					window[0].addEventListener('click', hideOnOutsideClick, true);
				}

				if (settings.hide.onOutsideContextMenu) {
					window[0].addEventListener('contextmenu', hideOnOutsideClick, true);
				}

				if (settings.position.autoRefresh) {
					window.on('resize', self.refreshPosition);
				}
			});

			if (settings.hide.onClick || settings.hide.onBackgroundClick) {
				elements.widget.on('click', hideOnClick);
			}
		};

		var callEffect = function(intent, params) {

			var effect = settings.effects[intent],
				$widget = elements.widget;

			if ('function' === typeof effect) {
				effect.apply($widget, params);
			} else {

				if ($widget[effect]) {
					$widget[effect].apply($widget, params);
				} else {
					throw 'Reference Error: The effect ' + effect + ' not found';
				}
			}
		};

		var ensureClosureMethods = function() {

			var closureMethodsNames = baseClosureMethods.concat(self.getClosureMethods());

			$.each(closureMethodsNames, function() {

				var methodName = this,
					oldMethod = self[methodName];

				self[methodName] = function() {

					oldMethod.apply(self, arguments);
				};
			});
		};

		var fixIframePosition = function(position) {
			if (! position.my) {
				return;
			}

			var horizontalOffsetRegex = /left|right/,
				extraOffsetRegex = /([+-]\d+)?$/,
				iframeOffset = elements.iframe.offset(),
				iframeWindow = elements.iframe[0].contentWindow,
				myParts = position.my.split(' '),
				fixedParts = [];

			if (myParts.length === 1) {
				if (horizontalOffsetRegex.test(myParts[0])) {
					myParts.push('center');
				} else {
					myParts.unshift('center');
				}
			}

			myParts.forEach(function(part, index) {
				var fixedPart = part.replace(extraOffsetRegex, function(partOffset) {
					partOffset = +partOffset || 0;

					if (! index) {
						partOffset += iframeOffset.left - iframeWindow.scrollX;
					} else {
						partOffset += iframeOffset.top - iframeWindow.scrollY;
					}

					if (partOffset >= 0) {
						partOffset = '+' + partOffset;
					}

					return partOffset;
				});

				fixedParts.push(fixedPart);
			});

			position.my = fixedParts.join(' ');
		};

		var hideOnClick = function(event) {

			if (isContextMenuClickEvent(event)) {
				return;
			}

			if (settings.hide.onClick) {

				if ($(event.target).closest(settings.selectors.preventClose).length) {
					return;
				}
			} else if (event.target !== this) {
				return;
			}

			self.hide();
		};

		var isIgnoredTarget = function(event) {

			if (! settings.hide.ignore) {
				return false;
			}

			return !! $(event.target).closest(settings.hide.ignore).length;
		};

		var hideOnOutsideClick = function(event) {

			if (isContextMenuClickEvent(event) || $(event.target).closest(elements.widget).length || isIgnoredTarget(event)) {
				return;
			}

			self.hide();
		};

		var initElements = function() {

			self.addElement('widget');

			self.addElement('header');

			self.addElement('message');

			self.addElement('window', window);

			self.addElement('body', document.body);

			self.addElement('container', settings.container);

			if (settings.iframe) {
				self.addElement('iframe', settings.iframe);
			}

			if (settings.closeButton) {
				if ( settings.closeButtonClass ) {
					//  Backwards compatibility
					settings.closeButtonOptions.iconClass = settings.closeButtonClass;
				}

				const $button = $('<a>', settings.closeButtonOptions.attributes),
					$buttonIcon = $(settings.closeButtonOptions.iconElement).addClass(settings.closeButtonOptions.iconClass);

				$button.append($buttonIcon);

				self.addElement('closeButton', $button);
			}

			var id = self.getSettings('id');

			if (id) {
				self.setID(id);
			}

			var classes = [];

			$.each(self.types, function() {
				classes.push(settings.classes.globalPrefix + '-type-' + this);
			});

			classes.push(self.getSettings('className'));

			elements.widget
				.addClass(classes.join(' '))
				.attr({
					'aria-modal': true,
					'role': 'document',
					'tabindex': 0,
				});
		};

		var initSettings = function(parent, userSettings) {

			var parentSettings = $.extend(true, {}, parent.getSettings());

			settings = {
				headerMessage: '',
				message: '',
				effects: parentSettings.effects,
				classes: {
					globalPrefix: parentSettings.classPrefix,
					prefix: parentSettings.classPrefix + '-' + widgetName,
					preventScroll: parentSettings.classPrefix + '-prevent-scroll',
				},
				selectors: {
					preventClose: '.' + parentSettings.classPrefix + '-prevent-close',
				},
				container: 'body',
				preventScroll: false,
				iframe: null,
				closeButton: false,
				closeButtonOptions: {
					iconClass: parentSettings.classPrefix + '-close-button-icon',
					attributes: {
						role: 'button',
						'tabindex': 0,
						'aria-label': 'Close',
						href: '#',
					},
					iconElement: '<i>',
				},
				position: {
					element: 'widget',
					my: 'center',
					at: 'center',
					enable: true,
					autoRefresh: false,
				},
				hide: {
					auto: false,
					autoDelay: 5000,
					onClick: false,
					onOutsideClick: true,
					onOutsideContextMenu: false,
					onBackgroundClick: true,
					onEscKeyPress: true,
					ignore: '',
				},
			};

			$.extend(true, settings, self.getDefaultSettings(), userSettings);

			initSettingsEvents();
		};

		var initSettingsEvents = function() {

			$.each(settings, function(settingKey) {

				var eventName = settingKey.match(/^on([A-Z].*)/);

				if (!eventName) {
					return;
				}

				eventName = eventName[1].charAt(0).toLowerCase() + eventName[1].slice(1);

				self.on(eventName, this);
			});
		};

		var isContextMenuClickEvent = function(event) {
			// Firefox fires `click` event on every `contextmenu` event.
			return event.type === 'click' && event.button === 2;
		};

		var normalizeClassName = function(name) {

			return name.replace(/([a-z])([A-Z])/g, function() {

				return arguments[1] + '-' + arguments[2].toLowerCase();
			});
		};

		var onWindowKeyUp = function(event) {
			var ESC_KEY = 27,
				keyCode = event.which;

			if (ESC_KEY === keyCode) {
				self.hide();
			}
		};

		var unbindEvents = function() {

			var windows = [elements.window];

			if (elements.iframe) {
				windows.push(jQuery(elements.iframe[0].contentWindow));
			}

			windows.forEach(function(window) {
				if (settings.hide.onEscKeyPress) {
					window.off('keyup', onWindowKeyUp);
				}

				if (settings.hide.onOutsideClick) {
					window[0].removeEventListener('click', hideOnOutsideClick, true);
				}

				if (settings.hide.onOutsideContextMenu) {
					window[0].removeEventListener('contextmenu', hideOnOutsideClick, true);
				}

				if (settings.position.autoRefresh) {
					window.off('resize', self.refreshPosition);
				}
			});

			if (settings.hide.onClick || settings.hide.onBackgroundClick) {
				elements.widget.off('click', hideOnClick);
			}
		};

		this.addElement = function(name, element, classes) {

			var $newElement = elements[name] = $(element || '<div>'),
				normalizedName = normalizeClassName(name);

			classes = classes ? classes + ' ' : '';

			classes += settings.classes.globalPrefix + '-' + normalizedName;

			classes += ' ' + settings.classes.prefix + '-' + normalizedName;

			$newElement.addClass(classes);

			return $newElement;
		};

		this.destroy = function() {

			unbindEvents();

			elements.widget.remove();

			self.trigger('destroy');

			return self;
		};

		this.getElements = function(item) {

			return item ? elements[item] : elements;
		};

		this.getSettings = function(setting) {

			var copy = Object.create(settings);

			if (setting) {
				return copy[setting];
			}

			return copy;
		};

		this.hide = function() {

			if (! self.isVisible()) {
				return;
			}

			clearTimeout(hideTimeOut);

			callEffect('hide', arguments);

			unbindEvents();

			if (settings.preventScroll) {
				self.getElements('body').removeClass(settings.classes.preventScroll);
			}

			self.trigger('hide');

			return self;
		};

		this.init = function(parent, properties) {

			if (!(parent instanceof DialogsManager.Instance)) {
				throw 'The ' + self.widgetName + ' must to be initialized from an instance of DialogsManager.Instance';
			}

			ensureClosureMethods();

			self.trigger('init', properties);

			initSettings(parent, properties);

			initElements();

			self.buildWidget();

			self.attachEvents();

			self.trigger('ready');

			return self;
		};

		this.isVisible = function() {

			return elements.widget.is(':visible');
		};

		this.on = function(eventName, callback) {

			if ('object' === typeof eventName) {
				$.each(eventName, function(singleEventName) {
					self.on(singleEventName, this);
				});

				return self;
			}

			var eventNames = eventName.split(' ');

			eventNames.forEach(function(singleEventName) {
				if (!events[singleEventName]) {
					events[singleEventName] = [];
				}

				events[singleEventName].push(callback);
			});

			return self;
		};

		this.off = function(eventName, callback) {

			if (! events[ eventName ]) {
				return self;
			}

			if (! callback) {
				delete events[eventName];

				return self;
			}

			var callbackIndex = events[eventName].indexOf(callback);

			if (-1 !== callbackIndex) {
				events[eventName].splice(callbackIndex, 1);
			}

			return self;
		};

		this.refreshPosition = function() {

			if (! settings.position.enable) {
				return;
			}

			var position = $.extend({}, settings.position);

			if (elements[position.of]) {
				position.of = elements[position.of];
			}

			if (! position.of) {
				position.of = window;
			}

			if (settings.iframe) {
				fixIframePosition(position);
			}

			elements[position.element].position(position);
		};

		this.setID = function(id) {

			elements.widget.attr('id', id);

			return self;
		};

		this.setHeaderMessage = function(message) {

			self.getElements('header').html(message);

			return self;
		};

		this.setMessage = function(message) {

			elements.message.html(message);

			return self;
		};

		this.setSettings = function(key, value) {

			if (jQuery.isPlainObject(value)) {
				$.extend(true, settings[key], value);
			} else {
				settings[key] = value;
			}

			return self;
		};

		this.show = function() {

			clearTimeout(hideTimeOut);

			elements.widget.appendTo(elements.container).hide();

			callEffect('show', arguments);

			self.refreshPosition();

			if (settings.hide.auto) {
				hideTimeOut = setTimeout(self.hide, settings.hide.autoDelay);
			}

			bindEvents();

			if (settings.preventScroll) {
				self.getElements('body').addClass(settings.classes.preventScroll);
			}

			self.trigger('show');

			return self;
		};

		this.trigger = function(eventName, params) {

			var methodName = 'on' + eventName[0].toUpperCase() + eventName.slice(1);

			if (self[methodName]) {
				self[methodName](params);
			}

			var callbacks = events[eventName];

			if (!callbacks) {
				return;
			}

			$.each(callbacks, function(index, callback) {

				callback.call(self, params);
			});

			return self;
		};
	};

	DialogsManager.Widget.prototype.types = [];

	// Inheritable widget methods
	DialogsManager.Widget.prototype.buildWidget = function() {

		var elements = this.getElements(),
			settings = this.getSettings();

		elements.widget.append(elements.header, elements.message);

		this.setHeaderMessage(settings.headerMessage);

		this.setMessage(settings.message);

		if (this.getSettings('closeButton')) {
			elements.widget.prepend(elements.closeButton);
		}
	};

	DialogsManager.Widget.prototype.attachEvents = function() {

		var self = this;

		if (self.getSettings('closeButton')) {
			self.getElements('closeButton').on('click', function(event) {
				event.preventDefault();
				self.hide();
			});
		}
	};

	DialogsManager.Widget.prototype.getDefaultSettings = function() {

		return {};
	};

	DialogsManager.Widget.prototype.getClosureMethods = function() {

		return [];
	};

	DialogsManager.Widget.prototype.onHide = function() {
	};

	DialogsManager.Widget.prototype.onShow = function() {
	};

	DialogsManager.Widget.prototype.onInit = function() {
	};

	DialogsManager.Widget.prototype.onReady = function() {
	};

	DialogsManager.widgetsTypes.simple = DialogsManager.Widget;

	DialogsManager.addWidgetType('buttons', {
		activeKeyUp: function(event) {

			var TAB_KEY = 9;

			if (event.which === TAB_KEY) {
				event.preventDefault();
			}

			if (this.hotKeys[event.which]) {
				this.hotKeys[event.which](this);
			}
		},
		activeKeyDown: function(event) {

			if (!this.focusedButton) {
				return;
			}

			var TAB_KEY = 9;

			if (event.which === TAB_KEY) {
				event.preventDefault();

				var currentButtonIndex = this.focusedButton.index(),
					nextButtonIndex;

				if (event.shiftKey) {

					nextButtonIndex = currentButtonIndex - 1;

					if (nextButtonIndex < 0) {
						nextButtonIndex = this.buttons.length - 1;
					}
				} else {

					nextButtonIndex = currentButtonIndex + 1;

					if (nextButtonIndex >= this.buttons.length) {
						nextButtonIndex = 0;
					}
				}

				this.focusedButton = this.buttons[nextButtonIndex].trigger('focus');
			}
		},
		addButton: function(options) {

			var self = this,
				settings = self.getSettings(),
				buttonSettings = jQuery.extend(settings.button, options);

			var classes = options.classes ? options.classes + ' ' : '';

			classes += settings.classes.globalPrefix + '-button';

			var $button = self.addElement(options.name, $('<' + buttonSettings.tag + '>').html(options.text), classes);

			self.buttons.push($button);

			var buttonFn = function() {

				if (settings.hide.onButtonClick) {
					self.hide();
				}

				if ('function' === typeof options.callback) {
					options.callback.call(this, self);
				}
			};

			$button.on('click', buttonFn);

			if (options.hotKey) {
				this.hotKeys[options.hotKey] = buttonFn;
			}

			this.getElements('buttonsWrapper').append($button);

			if (options.focus) {
				this.focusedButton = $button;
			}

			return self;
		},
		bindHotKeys: function() {

			this.getElements('window').on({
				keyup: this.activeKeyUp,
				keydown: this.activeKeyDown
			});
		},
		buildWidget: function() {

			DialogsManager.Widget.prototype.buildWidget.apply(this, arguments);

			var $buttonsWrapper = this.addElement('buttonsWrapper');

			this.getElements('widget').append($buttonsWrapper);
		},
		getClosureMethods: function() {

			return [
				'activeKeyUp',
				'activeKeyDown'
			];
		},
		getDefaultSettings: function() {

			return {
				hide: {
					onButtonClick: true
				},
				button: {
					tag: 'button'
				}
			};
		},
		onHide: function() {

			this.unbindHotKeys();
		},
		onInit: function() {

			this.buttons = [];

			this.hotKeys = {};

			this.focusedButton = null;
		},
		onShow: function() {

			this.bindHotKeys();

			if (!this.focusedButton) {
				this.focusedButton = this.buttons[0];
			}

			if (this.focusedButton) {
				this.focusedButton.trigger('focus');
			}
		},
		unbindHotKeys: function() {

			this.getElements('window').off({
				keyup: this.activeKeyUp,
				keydown: this.activeKeyDown
			});
		}
	});

	DialogsManager.addWidgetType('lightbox', DialogsManager.getWidgetType('buttons').extend('lightbox', {
		getDefaultSettings: function() {

			var settings = DialogsManager.getWidgetType('buttons').prototype.getDefaultSettings.apply(this, arguments);

			return $.extend(true, settings, {
				contentWidth: 'auto',
				contentHeight: 'auto',
				position: {
					element: 'widgetContent',
					of: 'widget',
					autoRefresh: true
				}
			});
		},
		buildWidget: function() {

			DialogsManager.getWidgetType('buttons').prototype.buildWidget.apply(this, arguments);

			var $widgetContent = this.addElement('widgetContent'),
				elements = this.getElements();

			$widgetContent.append(elements.header, elements.message, elements.buttonsWrapper);

			elements.widget.html($widgetContent);

			if (elements.closeButton) {
				$widgetContent.prepend(elements.closeButton);
			}
		},
		onReady: function() {

			var elements = this.getElements(),
				settings = this.getSettings();

			if ('auto' !== settings.contentWidth) {
				elements.message.width(settings.contentWidth);
			}

			if ('auto' !== settings.contentHeight) {
				elements.message.height(settings.contentHeight);
			}
		}
	}));

	DialogsManager.addWidgetType('confirm', DialogsManager.getWidgetType('lightbox').extend('confirm', {
		onReady: function() {

			DialogsManager.getWidgetType('lightbox').prototype.onReady.apply(this, arguments);

			var strings = this.getSettings('strings'),
				isDefaultCancel = this.getSettings('defaultOption') === 'cancel';

			this.addButton({
				name: 'cancel',
				text: strings.cancel,
				callback: function(widget) {

					widget.trigger('cancel');
				},
				focus: isDefaultCancel
			});

			this.addButton({
				name: 'ok',
				text: strings.confirm,
				callback: function(widget) {

					widget.trigger('confirm');
				},
				focus: !isDefaultCancel
			});
		},
		getDefaultSettings: function() {

			var settings = DialogsManager.getWidgetType('lightbox').prototype.getDefaultSettings.apply(this, arguments);

			settings.strings = {
				confirm: 'OK',
				cancel: 'Cancel'
			};

			settings.defaultOption = 'cancel';

			return settings;
		}
	}));

	DialogsManager.addWidgetType('alert', DialogsManager.getWidgetType('lightbox').extend('alert', {
		onReady: function() {

			DialogsManager.getWidgetType('lightbox').prototype.onReady.apply(this, arguments);

			var strings = this.getSettings('strings');

			this.addButton({
				name: 'ok',
				text: strings.confirm,
				callback: function(widget) {

					widget.trigger('confirm');
				}
			});
		},
		getDefaultSettings: function() {

			var settings = DialogsManager.getWidgetType('lightbox').prototype.getDefaultSettings.apply(this, arguments);

			settings.strings = {
				confirm: 'OK'
			};

			return settings;
		}
	}));

	// Exporting the DialogsManager variable to global
	global.DialogsManager = DialogsManager;
})(
	typeof jQuery !== 'undefined' ? jQuery : typeof require === 'function' && require('jquery'),
	(typeof module !== 'undefined' && typeof module.exports !== 'undefined') ? module.exports : window
);
{"id":3010,"date":"2022-03-31T09:44:29","date_gmt":"2022-03-31T09:44:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/weeklypostgazette.com\/?p=3010"},"modified":"2023-06-01T11:06:56","modified_gmt":"2023-06-01T11:06:56","slug":"seven-health-impacts-of-flooding-and-how-to-mitigate-risks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/weeklypostgazette.com\/seven-health-impacts-of-flooding-and-how-to-mitigate-risks\/","title":{"rendered":"Seven health impacts of flooding and how to mitigate risks"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Natural disasters occur when the natural processes of the earth are disturbed or out of control, for example, firestorms, floods, tornados, etc. Several reasons found by scientists explain how such disasters happen.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to NCBI, natural disasters like floods cause extreme morbidity and mortality. The impact of these floods on humans is associated with the location and topography of the area. However, human demographics and the characteristics of the environment also cause floods.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to the NOAA National Severe Storm Laboratory, flooding is an overflow of water on dry land. It may occur due to heavy rains, snow melting, ocean waves coming to the shore, or when dams break. Floods are the most common weather-related natural disaster; they can occur within minutes or may take weeks or days. Flooding causes immense disasters and health impacts, the destruction of buildings, crops, food, the emergence of diseases, and mortality.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, several risk mitigations strategies help avoid the risks and health impacts caused by natural disasters. If you are interested to know the health impacts and risk mitigation strategies for floods, you can view them below:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">\n<h2><b>Preparation:<\/b><\/h2>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The first and foremost thing is to survive a flood disaster. You must assess risks, plan your strategy and endure any challenges you face during that time. Start by <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/publichealth.tulane.edu\/blog\/how-to-prepare-for-a-natural-disaster\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">preparing for natural disasters<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, pack up the necessities and tools, consider evacuation plans and gather the information you will need to survive the journey.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">National authorities evacuate countries or cities to save lives during a flood disaster. Therefore, you must prepare beforehand to endure the unpleasant traveling, camping, and food shortage conditions.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">\n<h3><b>Unsafe food:<\/b><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The most common problem\/risk that arises during flooding is the contamination of food by bacteria, oil, dirt, human or animal waste, or hazardous chemicals. During flooding, food and crops get mixed up with waste and chemicals that make it highly unsafe to eat. According to NCBI, power outages during flooding can cause <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Salmonella<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in stored and frozen food, thus, making it extremely dangerous to health.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A CDC fact sheet also highlights that food stored in plastic jars and cardboard boxes contaminated with flooded water is unsanitary and has mold growth.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Therefore, to mitigate this risk and avoid food-borne illnesses and other health issues, you must eat only canned foods.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">\n<h3><b>Contaminated drinking water:<\/b><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Another health impact of flooding is the non-availability of clean water. According to WHO, contaminated water systems during flooding cause severe <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/healthywater\/drinking\/public\/water_diseases.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">water-borne illnesses<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, for example, diarrhea. Another endemic prone infection, leptospirosis: an animal to human transmitted disease, can occur if skin comes into contact with water, soil, vegetation, or mud mixed with rodent urine.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Flooding and heavy rainfall increase the production of rodents which spread this disease. The crucial risk factor for outbreaks is the scarcity of clean drinking water during a flood disaster. However, well-recognized risk identification systems and disaster responses that address the provision of clean water can minimize this risk.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">\n<h3><b>Vector diseases:\u00a0<\/b><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to the Montana Department of Public Health and Safety, excessive rainfall and stagnant water pools can provide a breeding ground for mosquito-borne diseases, for example, malaria, dengue, and West Nile fever. Mosquitoes are born in stagnant water and carry several diseases that affect human health.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A flood disaster can produce hundreds and millions of these insects. According to WHO, Malaria outbreaks in Costa Rica, ENSO, and West Nile outbreaks in Europe are linked directly to periodic flooding or constant heavy rainfall.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Human activities, for example, overcrowding, sleeping outside without mosquito nets, delayed disease control measures, habitat changes, deforestation, land sliding, and river damming, have increased the risk for these outbreaks.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, proper risk management strategies, mosquito repellents, and insecticide sprays can help reduce this risk.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">\n<h3><b>Animal and plant diseases:<\/b><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Flooding can cause an increase in animal and plant diseases.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">During a flooding disaster, ingestion of contaminated drinking water causes several bacterial, viral illnesses, or in severe cases, it can cause the death of animals.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Several toxins discharged from dead animals&#8217; bones cause complete paralysis, for example, Clostridial.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Plants taking up contaminated water can wilt, die or produce polluted crops that are not suitable for consumption. A flood disaster also causes an increase in root rot pathogens that destroy the plants and crops.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to CDC, proper disposal of dead or infected animals by official guidelines and local animal authorities can help minimize the risk of cross-contamination, zoonotic diseases, food-borne illnesses, and toxins.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<h3><b>Mold and mildew growth<\/b><b>:<\/b><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Another health impact of flooding is the overgrowth of mold and mildews. According to FEMA 2015, prolonged mold exposure can cause upper respiratory tract illnesses, cold, sneezing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and watery eyes. It can also trigger asthma and allergy in many flood victims.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Molds are organisms that grow in damp places of houses and buildings after flooding. It can grow on walls, carpets, bathrooms, and floors. Mold produces tiny spores that can be inhaled by humans and cause asthma or respiratory diseases. Elderly children and pregnant women are the most vulnerable to mold-related illnesses.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/moldonly.com\/steps-to-control-mold-growth-after-flooding\/#:~:text=One%20of%20the%20most%20important%20steps%20to%20control,before%20it%20gets%20worse.%20Keep%20an%20Eye%20Outside\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">proper risk-eliminating strategies<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, for example, bleach and chlorine solution, regular inspection, and sufficient aeration, can eliminate this risk in flood-affected homes.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">\n<h3><b>Mental health crisis<\/b><b>:<\/b><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A flood disaster can cause extreme psychological stress and emotional stress. According to NCBI, people who experienced floods suffered post-traumatic stress disorders, anxiety, depression, aggression, and psychological distress. To witness a flood destroying your home, hurting your loved ones, or drowning everything you love, can have devastating effects on mental health. According to a study by Dr. Noji, many flood victims reported hypertension, cardiovascular disease, leukemia, and lymphoma that may be stress-related.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Therefore, assessment and routine checkup of the mental health of flood victims for possible signs of mental health issues is necessary. The circulation of mental health surveys and sessions with a professional mental health counselor to assess the mental health of flood victims is a convenient way of mitigating this risk.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><b>Conclusion<\/b><b>:<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Natural disasters can be overwhelming physically and mentally. It is not easy for flood victims to start again after losing their loved ones, home, and everything they had. It is difficult for depressed flood victims to focus and protect themselves from health risks and other hazards. However, the local government, risk-assessing institutions, flood-relief institutions, and research centers have given several guidelines and detailed instructions to help flood victims start a new life and protect them from health risks. Therefore, with the help of proper risk mitigation strategies and control measures, all these risks can be controlled and minimized to avoid the loss of resources and countless lives.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Natural disasters occur when the natural processes of the earth are disturbed or out of control, for example, firestorms, floods, tornados, etc. Several reasons found by scientists explain how such disasters happen.\u00a0 According to NCBI, natural disasters like floods cause extreme morbidity and mortality. The impact of these floods on humans is associated with the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8732,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[2396,2432,3295],"class_list":["post-3010","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-health","tag-preparing-for-natural-disasters","tag-proper-risk-eliminating-strategies","tag-water-borne-illnesses"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Seven health impacts of flooding and how to mitigate risks<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Natural disasters occur when the natural processes of the earth are disturbed or out of control, for example, firestorms, floods, tornados, etc. Several reasons found by scientists explain how such disasters happen.\u00a0\" 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