Mexico has a first human death which WHO has verified which is attributed to the avian influenza subtype A(H5N2). A 59-year-old State of Mexico resident passed away during hospitalization in Mexico City; the case was first reported on May 23, 2024. The possibility of zoonotic bird flu strain spread is raised by this.

There should be an investigation as it was reported that the deceased person had never before interacted with chickens or other animals. Although Mexico has reported cases of avian influenza (bird flu) A(H5N2) in poultry, there has never before been any record of human infections with this specific strain.

The patient had been bedridden for weeks prior to showing symptoms of the flu and had pre-existing medical issues, according to the WHO report. The patient experienced fever, dyspnea, diarrhea, nausea, and a generalized malaise on April 17, 2024. An influenza infection is characterized by these symptoms.

An important advancement in our knowledge of A(H5N2) transmission was made when the case was validated through laboratory testing. The WHO stresses the significance of ongoing surveillance for potential human exposure to avian influenza viruses, even though the precise source of infection in this case is yet unknown.

What is the bird flu A(H5N2)?

Birds are the main victims of avian influenza, often known as bird flu, which is a respiratory disease. The distinct proteins hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N) on the surface of the virus serve as markers for several subtypes of influenza A. The A(H5N2) subtype can lead to serious disease and even death in flocks of chickens since it is extremely infectious among birds.

Bird flu transmission to humans

Although the majority of cases of bird flu viruses are in birds, there have also been reports of zoonotic transmission—the virus spreading from animals to people. Close contact with infectious chickens or their surroundings is usually the cause of this. Despite the high death rate of this strain of influenza, the H5N1 subtype has been more frequently linked to infections in humans. 

Concerns for Public Health

There may be a greater chance of human transmission now that a human death from A(H5N2) has been confirmed. The necessity of further research into the infection source in this instance is emphasized in the WHO report. Public health experts are also likely to be keeping an eye out for any potential outbreaks and more human cases. 

What Is Not Yet Known

Unanswered are a number of important questions. First off, how did the person who passed away get the A(H5N2) virus? It is hard to evaluate the risk to the broader public without a good grasp of the transmission channel. Second, is there a chance for A(H5N2) to spread from person to person or is this case an isolated incident? These are probably questions that the WHO is actively looking into. 

What Actions to Take

Although there doesn’t seem to be much of a risk to the general population right now, it is nevertheless important to practice proper hygiene and maintain vigilance in order to stop the spread of influenza viruses. Covering coughs and sneezes, avoiding close contact with ill people, and frequent hand washing are all examples of this. In order to reduce their chance of coming into contact with avian influenza viruses, those who work with poultry or birds should also take the necessary precautions.

The WHO is essential in directing international efforts to track and contain infectious disease epidemics. The WHO will keep updating public health authorities throughout the globe on developments regarding A(H5N2) in Mexico and offering advice.

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